China has appointed former ambassador to France, Lu Shaye, as its special representative for European affairs, signaling a shift toward a more assertive diplomatic approach with the European Union. Lu, known for his combative and often provocative rhetoric, replaces Wu Hongbo, a more traditional and conservative diplomat, as Beijing seeks to recalibrate its relationship with Europe amid growing tensions over issues like the Ukraine war and trade.
Lu, a French-speaking diplomat, is one of the most prominent figures in China’s so-called “wolf warrior” diplomacy, a term used to describe Chinese diplomats who employ aggressive and unapologetic rhetoric in their international engagements. His appointment is seen as a move by China to strengthen its position in Europe, especially after his controversial remarks in 2023, in which he questioned the sovereignty of former Soviet states and cast doubt on whether Crimea was part of Ukraine. Although China later distanced itself from his comments, they caused significant outrage in Europe, particularly among the Baltic states and France. Despite the diplomatic fallout, Lu was not reprimanded or demoted, a sign of his strong standing within China’s leadership.
The Chinese foreign ministry described Lu as a “seasoned diplomat familiar with European affairs,” with plans to promote “dialogue and cooperation” and foster the “stable and healthy development” of China-Europe relations. His appointment comes just days after European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen suggested that the EU should strive to enhance its relations with China. Despite disagreements over the Ukraine conflict and trade disputes, such as tariffs on Chinese electric vehicle exports, von der Leyen emphasized the potential for deeper trade and investment ties between Brussels and Beijing.
The EU’s position on China remains divided. Some member states advocate for a tougher stance, partly influenced by the policies of former US President Donald Trump. Others, with strong economic ties to China, urge for a balanced approach that maintains positive relations with both Beijing and Washington. Von der Leyen has framed the year ahead as one of opportunity, marking 50 years of diplomatic relations between China and the EU.
Michael Sheridan, author of a biography on President Xi Jinping, suggests that Lu’s appointment is a calculated move by Beijing to send a clear message to Europe that China is prepared to take a more hardline approach if necessary. “This is a signal appointment,” said Sheridan. “Xi Jinping is sending a tough operator to manage relations with Europe, just as Brussels considers moderating its tone towards China.”
Reuben Wong, a political scientist at the National University of Singapore, agrees, noting that Lu’s appointment reflects China’s increasingly assertive foreign policy, a trend that has been visible since the first term of Trump’s presidency. “The Chinese are playing the same game as the US, using tough rhetoric as a negotiating tactic,” Wong said.
Despite Lu’s tough persona, China’s foreign ministry emphasized its commitment to improving relations with Europe, acknowledging the complexities of the global situation. “With the world turning into a less stable and certain place, China attaches great importance to its ties with the EU,” the ministry said.
