In the Sahel, where protracted crises, fragility and geopolitical uncertainty have become defining features of the regional environment, the central problem facing international assistance may not simply be how much money is
After leading a military coup in 1969, Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi cemented his rule over Libya for more than 40 years. A variety of different political ideologies—Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism, socialism, Islamic leftism, and
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