Historical Background The civilizational beliefs have echoed in the course of history as more stringent factors above the geopolitical realities. In particular, the geopolitical trajectories are begotten from certain civilizational or cultural
by Eric Fifty years ago, the United States confronted one of the darkest chapters in its postwar foreign policy when the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence
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A new study published in the Journal of Public Affairs has challenged long-held assumptions about the 1962 India-China war, arguing that the conflict was driven not primarily by territorial disputes or diplomatic
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by Satchi When she was arrested by the Dutch, betrayed by some of her own people, Maria Sembatta, the Vanni chieftainess, reportedly looked at her captors with unbroken defiance and said, “I am
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Francisco Franco did not win the Spanish Civil War through strategic brilliance but through a brutal plan to crush and eliminate his opponents, according to renowned British historian Paul Preston. In a
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For two centuries, Letizia Bonaparte, mother of Napoleon, has been remembered as a formidable matriarch—stern, frugal, and often irascible. But according to historian and descendant Laetitia de Witt, Letizia, titled Madame Mère
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The National Security Archive (NSA) has released a new tranche of declassified material that it says restores key historical records the U.S. State Department quietly deleted from an official history of the
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Eighty years after Adolf Hitler’s death, scientists have sequenced his DNA, uncovering startling insights into the dictator’s biology and challenging long-held assumptions about his life. The groundbreaking research, highlighted in the Channel
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A remote mountainside in southern Peru known as Monte Sierpe contains roughly 5,200 enigmatic holes, long puzzling archaeologists, but new research reported by Live Science offers clues to their purpose. The holes,
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Editor’s Note: This essay has been adapted from an article originally published in the Journal of the Sri Lanka Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1973, Vol. 1. Minor editorial adjustments have
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Around 100 activists gathered on Thursday in Jakarta to protest a government plan to grant late authoritarian leader Suharto the status of national hero, reflecting broader concerns about historical revisionism in Indonesia.
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